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[转帖]试论连环画衰落的必然性

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斑竹

发表于 2008年8月14日 10:56 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-indent:18pt;text-align:center;mso-line-height-alt:17.25pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">试论连环画衰落的必然性</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">一、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1986</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">年的连环画断层现象</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于连环画在上个世纪八十年代中期的滑坡现象,许多连环画的收藏爱好者曾经在多篇文章中进行过探讨。我想在本文中对此现象进行分析探讨,借以探求连环画的命运。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">连环画在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1982</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1983</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">年达到了高峰,在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1984</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">年出现了滑坡现象,表现在连环画的印量开始减少,到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1985</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">年,整个连环画出版界到了勉强维持的阶段,连环画的品种与印量都大幅减少,到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1986</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">年时,几乎就看不到新出版的连环画了,一些套书成了断尾巴工程。如果细细寻绎,则连环画的滑坡其实早在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1982</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">年就露出了端倪,如天津美术出版社的《聊斋志异》连环画在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1982</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">月出版的每种达</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">100</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">多万册,到这年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">6</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">月印量开始减少,到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">8</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">月时印量已不足</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">70</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">万册,又如上海美术出版的《中国成语故事》,其中第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">24</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">册《多谋善断》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1981</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">月出版,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">77</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">万册,而时隔一年后出版的第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">26</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">册《一叶障目》则为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">30</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">万册,不到前者的一半。但最为显著的是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1986</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">年,连环画出版明显出现了断层,这表现在以下几个方面:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">、连环画读者群的断层。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">虽然在民间普遍把连环画称为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小人书</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,但是传统意义上的连环画的适应层面十分广泛,不仅少年儿童喜欢看,许多在校的中小学生、成年人都喜欢连环画。在城市中的租书摊前,有半大的孩子,有大学生,也有成人。当年每个小人书书摊前的凳子上都坐满了阅读的人。但到上世纪八十年代初期,慢慢有一些读者悄然退出了连环画读者群,而值得注意的是并非连环画的质量显著下降了,而是在连环画的品种、内容都较七十年代有显著进步之时。到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1986</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">年时(当时我正在湘潭上大学),小人书摊不见了。这以后,阅读连环画的多是一些未成年的学龄前儿童,或小学低年级学生。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">读者群的断层直接影响到连环画的出版,导致连环画题材的断层与品种的断层。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">、连环画题材的断层。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">传统连环画的适应层面广,反映内容同样广泛,可以满足不同层次的阅读需要。针对少儿的有童话故事、传说、寓言,针对学生、社会青年乃至成人的有传统教育故事、历史故事、战争故事、文学名著等等,在题材上举凡教育、历史、地理传说、文学、体育、艺术、时事政治都可以用连环画来表现,它们尤其紧跟形势,社会上关心的重大事件很快就可以在连环画上得到反应。如湖南美术出版社的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">农村画库</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">及时地反映了十一届三中全会后农村的变化,在全国人民学习张海迪先进事迹时山东人民出版及时出版了《闪光的青春</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">??</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">优秀共青团员张海迪》(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1983</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">5</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">版</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">次)。但在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1986</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">年后出版的连环画主要适应儿童的童话、寓言,题材很窄。题材的变化加剧了读者群的断层,也引起了出版界的变化。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p>

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斑竹

 楼主| 发表于 2008年8月14日 10:57 | 显示全部楼层
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">、连环画品种的断层。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">传统意义上的连环画</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">??</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">不论是墨笔画、钢笔画、水粉画等一般都是黑白色的,彩色的也有,但不多,开本最常见的是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">64</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">开本与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">60</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">开本,但到</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1986</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">年后,与题材的断层和读者群的断层相适应,代之以彩色连环画,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">64</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">开与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">60</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">开的很少,而更多的是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">24</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">开连环画。这样的连环画一看就是娃娃书,不再适合成人乃至青少年了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">4</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">、连环画创作者的断层。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">传统连环画的画作者名家荟萃,高手辈出。像赵宏本、贺友直、王叔晖等画家的作品让人一看就爱不释手。但在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1986</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">年以后的连环画很少有优秀画家参与了,即使有作品而作品也不如以前那样凝聚着作者的生命与灵魂,质量也大为下降(赵奇是少见的例外),原来的连环画作者纷纷转而它就,更别说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">名家辈出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">了。与题材相适应,反正是画给小孩子们看的,勾勒出线条再涂上色彩,花花绿绿的让小朋友们喜欢就行了,因此画法稚拙,其中难有成为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">家</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">的,也不会给后人留下多少值得保留、值得记念的作品。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">5</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">、连环画出版社的断层。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">在网上阅读</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">江西连环画总目</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">时一件事给我留下了深刻的印象:以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">江西人民出版社</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">出版名义出版的在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1986</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">年是空白,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1987</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">年又勉强出了四种,再以后就再也没有了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">江西人民出版社</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">出版的连环画了,而代之以</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">江西少年儿童出版社</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“21</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">世纪出版社</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">江西美术出版社</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">。这种情况全国大同小异,即许多老牌的、有实力的出版社已经取消了出版连环画的业务,即使有出版也是少量的。与连环画的读者、题材、品种的断层相适应,出版连环画的多是少儿出版社。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">6</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">、集体购书的改变。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">因为传统连环画的读者十分广泛,所以当时连环画的最大买主是集体单位,如中小学校、各级图书馆,现在我们收藏的连环画册上多盖有某某学校或某某图书馆的印章。但是这种情况在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1986</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">年后得到了改变,即集体单位已不再购买连环画,包括中小学校。就我所在地的小学而言,其中适合于小学生阅读的各种拼音读物、插图读物应有尽有,但是没有一本传统连环画。现在购买连环画的多为自费:成人购买再版或新版的用于收藏的连环画,少儿购买适宜于他们阅读的彩色连环画。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">可以看出,发生在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1986</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">年前后的连环画断层现象是多方面的、全面的。或许我们可以把</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1986</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">年以前称之为传统连环画阶段,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1986</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">年后称之为后连环画阶段。后连环画阶段的特点如前所述是出版单一的适应于少儿阅读的彩版大开本连环画,题材是适应少儿阅读的童话、寓言,读者对象是低幼儿童。因为后连环画阶段的阅读对象少儿是任何时期都存在的,后连环画阶段将长期存在。那么,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1986</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">年的连环画断层是如何发生的,或者说它为什么会发生呢?它还会有逆转的一天吗?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>
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斑竹

 楼主| 发表于 2008年8月14日 10:59 | 显示全部楼层
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">二、影响连环画命运的诸种关系</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">要解答上文提出的问题,必须考察影响连环画的各种因素。如果我们把连环画定位为一种作品的话,那么它首先要有生产者即出版社、编绘者,其次要有消费者即读者。因此,就连环画本身来说有读者、画家、出版社及作品四个要素,连环画的命运也由这四个要素来决定。它们之间的关系如下:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">下面我们来分析它们各自的位置及它们之间的关系。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">、作品</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">作品也就是连环画本身无疑处于各种关系的中心位置(而非决定位置),它联系着读者、出版社和编绘者,通过它也使读者与出版社、读者与编绘者间接发生了关系。它与读者、出版社、编绘者均有双向反馈关系,即作品对读者、出版社、编绘者有着双向选择的作用。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">、读者</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">读者处于各种关系的顶端,即它在其中起关键作用,是决定连环画命运的上帝。读者并不是被动的接受者,作为消费者有着主动选择的权力。读者的喜爱影响到了出版社的出版策略如题材的选择、画家的选择、印刷质量、版次、印量等等,作品的受欢迎程度也影响到编绘者特别是画家的创作积极性。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">、编绘者</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">编绘者,其中主要是绘者创作的好坏直接决定作品的好坏,并影响到读者的选择,如王叔晖的《西厢记》多次再版就是一个很好的例子。读者往往会特别喜欢某一些画家的作品,如我对董洪元的《高尔基故事》就情有独钟。而编绘者的创作又往往受出版社的影响。在民国时期连环画画家受制于出版商,因此多</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">跑马书</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">。新中国成立后连环画家成了国家干部,有了稳定的工作和收入,有时间对连环画进行精雕细刻,出现了一大批优秀之作,并使连环画真正成为一种艺术。到了新时期画家与出版社之间已不那么紧密,这对连环画的绘制质量有较大的影响。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">4</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">、出版社</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">其他书籍如长篇小说的出版出版社对它们的整个取向的作用很小。如出版社不能规定作家写什么不写什么,该怎么写不该怎么写,出几本,几个人参与创作。但是对连环画来说就不同了,出版社可以决定选择出版什么不出版什么,一套多少本,请不请名家,请几个名家,出彩色的还是黑白的,出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">64</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">开还是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">32</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">开、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">24</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">开的,即是说出版社对编绘者和作品都有重要的决定作用,连环画的质量出版社负有直接责任。出版社虽然一般不与读者直接发生关系,但却通过作品来影响读者。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:zh-cn;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa">如图所示,作品、读者、出版社与编绘者构成了一个稳定的三角形。当它们之间的关系正常时,连环画事业处于发展的阶段。如果其中某一个角出现问题,将使连环画出现危机乃至断层。我将在下两节中分别分析它们之间是如何建立稳定的关系的,以及它们是如何崩溃的。而影响它们关系并使之发生变化的并不在连环画本身,而在于它所处的社会环境,即社会文化的进步程度、人类历史发展的相应阶段。</span>

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斑竹

 楼主| 发表于 2008年8月14日 10:59 | 显示全部楼层
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">三、传统连环画出现的社会条件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">我们应该承认,任何事物的出现都有它出现的条件,即人们在一定的历史阶段有此需要,同时又有形成规模生产的可能。而当人们有了更好的替代品时,需求逐渐减少乃至消失,则即使有更好的生产条件,这一物品也必将逐步减少乃至停止生产,最后退出流通领域。传统连环画也一样,它的出现和发展有它特定的社会条件,而它的滑坡也和当时的环境相关。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">中国长期处于生产力不发达的封建半封建社会,占社会人口绝大多数的农民多数失去了受教育的权利,有的仅接受启蒙教育,文盲、半文盲很多。张朋园在《湖南现代化的早期进展》中将近现湖南人的教育程度设想为一个锥形图,他说:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">有机会受教育者为极少数,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">80</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">%以上的人民为茫然无知的大众。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">当时中国其他地区也大致如此。由此可以知道,在近代、现代社会,对绝大部分中国人来说,要阅读文学著作的原文是存在困难的。但如果是文字较少的连环画,他们还是可以阅读的,而他们正是当时连环画的主要读者。如《回眸已是画中人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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斑竹

 楼主| 发表于 2008年8月14日 11:49 | 显示全部楼层
<span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">如《回眸已是画中人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">??</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">漫淡民国年间连环画》一文说民国年间</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">连环画的读者多为学生及文盲、半文盲的贫苦人</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">,茅盾说旧上海的街头巷尾像步哨似的密布着无数的小书摊,这些小书就是所谓</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">连环图画小说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">。而读者呢,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">大部分是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">10</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">岁左右的小学生,其中固然有小商贩的子女,却也有体力劳动者的在学的儿子,也有家里自备有汽车的资本家的儿女们,但坐在那书摊旁边的木凳上花两个铜子租看的,却大都是十五六岁的学徒,间或也有成年的劳工。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">鲁迅先生为连环画辩护,并不是要否定连环画的大众化,而正是看中了连环画的大众化,认为连环画是美术与文学相结合的产物,说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">又因中国文字太难,只得用图画来济文字之穷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">,正适合于人们大众阅读,是向他们传播进步思想的利器。在新中国成立后,虽然人们的受教育程度已大幅度提高,但由于历史原因社会上还存在许多文盲与半文盲,而这些人是连环画的主要消费者。这是连环画在中国长期存在的社会基础。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><personname wst="on" productid="茅盾"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">茅盾</span></personname><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">先生还指出:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">同时因为喜欢看</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">‘</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">连环图画小说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">’</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">的小学生竟有那么多,也指出现在供给儿童看的读物实在太贫乏。因为那连环画的部分不但可以引诱识字不多的读者,并且可以作为帮助那识字不多的读者渐渐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">‘</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">自习</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">’</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">的看懂了那文字部分的阶梯。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">这表明与连环画在中国的兴旺相联系,是当时我们的读物不丰富,精神生活贫乏。在旧中国大部分穷苦人是买不起书籍的,而连环画相对便宜,而且可以在书摊上租看。新中国成立后,人民的生活并不富裕,大家都在为肚子奔忙,绝大部分人也是买不起书籍的,但</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">集体的力量是无穷的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">,许多单位、学校成立了图书室、图书馆,大家还是有书可看的。后来由于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">左</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">的政治倾向、舆论一律的要求,特别是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">文革</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">,使得古今中外的优秀文化遗产绝大部份被禁,文化生活单一、空洞,这正好给连环画提供了广阔的生存空间,这也是文革中后期大量出现连环画的原因。如果说以前是因为人们需要连环画,这时是人们不得不接受连环画。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">中国古典连环画至迟到魏就出现了(见阿英《中国连环画史话》),为什么到清末才出现现代意义的传统连环画呢?这就关系到印刷技术了。古典连环画是用雕版技术印刷的,成本高,不易推广,更不适宜作为大众性的普及读物。吴友如的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">新连环画</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">的出现,正得益于当时新的印刷技术</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">??</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">石印技术。石印连环画成本低,易于推广。虽然连环画比一般的书籍要便宜,但当时的贫苦百姓大多还是买不起,只好租着看。一本连环画在很短的时间内就可以看完,借此可以大概了解故事情节,不必花大量的时间在阅读上,因此受到人们的欢迎,连环画开始被广大人们群众所接受。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">所以,连环画在我国的出现跟我国长期处于封建社会、人民的生活水平低、文化程度低、文化消费品稀少有直接关系。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">从这里我们可以看到,影响读者、作品、出版社与编绘者的是外部的社会环境。社会环境对连环画的影响是决定性的,它不仅是连环画的接生婆、助产士,还是连环画的哺育者,最后还是连环画的掘墓人。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"></p></span>
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斑竹

 楼主| 发表于 2008年8月14日 11:54 | 显示全部楼层
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">四、断层是如何出现的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">在第一节中我曾经从六个方面总结了连环画的断层现象,其中</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">6</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">属于读者方面的,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">属于作品方面,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">4</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">是出版社,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">5</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">是编绘者,也就是说连环画内部四个因素全部出现了问题。如前所述,使它们发生变化的并不在它们本身,而在于社会环境。下面我们先来看看读者、出版社与编绘者出现了哪些变化。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">、读者群变化的原因</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">从上面分析可以看出,虽然经过几代人的努力连环画已经上升为一种艺术,但是连环画作为一种精神消费品来说是有先天不足的。连环画产生和发展的社会环境决定了连环画为广大人民服务特点,同时反过来也是它的缺点。从文化品位来说,连环画是大众化的文化速食品,是一种快餐文化,必然是高度浓缩的,情节化的,舍弃了大量细节,其文本是说明性的而非文学性的,没有可欣赏性,不能细吞慢嚼。如《红楼梦》博大精深,它的内容远远不是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">16</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">册连环画可以包容的。这样就有两类人不会阅读连环画:想要欣赏文学作品本身的青少年和文化素质较高的成年人。但是在缺少精神生活的时代,连环画起到了文化代用品的作用。在改革开放的初期,一大批久违的文学作品又出现在书店里,人们求知若渴,连环画可以弥补人们买不上原著的缺陷。随着各种著作的不断出现,书籍品种不断丰富,连环画显然已经不适合成人阅读了。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">随着人们生活水平的不断提高,人们的生活方式特别是娱乐方式发生了很大的变化,电视剧与各种影碟成为新的文化快餐,连环画自然功成身退,荣升为收藏珍品。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">另一个不可忽视的因素是,从解放前进入新社会的文盲半文盲这时至少都已垂垂老矣,解放后出生的人文化素质比上一代普遍要高。在上世纪七十年代末恢复高考,大学又成为广大子弟的进身之阶,莘莘学子无暇捧读连环画,他们的父母也不会再给上学的孩子买连环画。再说,他们这一代的人文化素质又要比他们的父母要高。再也没有必要用图画</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">济文字之穷</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">了,连环画失去了它的广泛的群众基础。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">、出版社的变革</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">出版社在改革开放以前都是国营单位,有国家作为坚强的后盾,有条件也有必要保证出版物的质量。在改革开放后许多出版社变成了自负盈亏的独立经济核算单位,成了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">出版商</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">。体制的改变不可避免地给连环画带来了负面影响,首先是审稿不严,错别字增多,装订简化;其次是题材撞车现象严重。情况正如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1985</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">9</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">18</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">日国家出版局《关于改进连环画出版工作的通知》((</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">85</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">)出版字第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">446</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">号)指出的:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">据了解,目前连环画重复品种增多,印数锐减,书店库存急剧上升,各地基层书店纷纷调减订数,已有一部分连环画因印量太少而被迫停印。造成这种局面的主要原因是,近两年来,不少出版社不顾中共中央(中发(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">1983</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">24</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">号)文件规定,突破专业分工,抢出连环画,降低了质量。据统计,北京地区便有三十多家出版社出版连环画,有的一省就有八家出版社分别出版连环画。有的出版社并不具备相应的的美术编审力量,却热衷于抢稿子、抢作者,哄抬稿酬,粗制滥造。此外,还有些出版社对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">‘</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">热门书</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">’</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">选题一哄而上,一拥而上,内容重复,品种雷同,例如根据《霍元甲》、《济公传》、《十三妹》等改编的连环画,分别都在十三种以上,甚至有的一省就出版了几种同一题材的连环画。对此广大读者很有意见。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">(引自张文标《连环画收藏》第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">114</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">页)但是此文件下发时连环画的颓势已经不可逆转,出版社的问题又怎岂能是一纸文件所能解决的?</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">、编绘者淡出连环画界。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">大量优秀的连环画家推出连环画界加速连环画的崩盘,其中既有画家不像从前那样受制于所属单位,甚至把绘画作为一种政治工作的因素,也有经济规律在作用。简单地说,根本原因在于对画家来说画连环画</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">划不来</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">。画一册连环画的花费大量的时间和精力但所得不多,而创作一幅美术作品</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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 楼主| 发表于 2008年8月14日 11:55 | 显示全部楼层
<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">五、如何看待连环画的断层</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">总之,连环画的衰落是历史的必然,是由社会大环境所决定了的,出版社、画家、读者都对此无能为力,即使出版社、画家不犯错误,也不过是这一天晚来一步而已。如果没有文化大革命,这一天还会早一天到来。有些人把原因归结于画家的不负责任,或出版社的不负责任,都是不完全正确的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">连环画退出历史舞台,是因为成年人和青少年逐渐退出了连环画阅读领域。这正表明了读者的成熟、书籍的丰富、社会的进步,正是时代进步的标志,是我们应当高兴的事情。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">跟文革遗物一样,虽然它们有重大的收藏价值,但它们正是建立在我们的愚昧、落后的基础之上的,建立在我们的历史之上的。这是我们应该清醒认识的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">有些人热切地呼唤</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">重塑连环画的辉煌</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">,这是永远也不可能的。连环画失去了它生长和成长的土壤,也再也不可能获得,就像煤油灯、黑色电视机、三八造等等已经谢场卸装,不可能再披挂上阵一样。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:24pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;word-break:break-all;text-indent:168pt;line-height:17.25pt;text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;mso-char-indent-count:14.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#993300;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">---------</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#993300;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">登载于《北方连藏报》</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#993300;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">2003</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#993300;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">年第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#993300;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">10</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#993300;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">期、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:#993300;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt">11</span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#993300;font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:arial;mso-hansi-font-family:arial;mso-bidi-font-family:arial">期。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10pt;color:black;font-family:arial;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></p></span></p>

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发表于 2008年8月17日 09:18 | 显示全部楼层
<p>很用心的文章.82-83年的辉煌,是一个特定历史时期的现象,经历那十年后,对传统中国文化的向往和回归.才造就那一黄金岁月.</p>

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发表于 2008年12月23日 20:26 | 显示全部楼层
<font size="2">“连环画读者群的断层”这一原因最重要,小人书是要用心去读的。</font>

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发表于 2008年12月24日 15:15 | 显示全部楼层
社会在进步,科技在发展,小人书不过是“静态”的“电视”,被当代电视网络等艺术淘汰是历史的必然
欧阳公子的博客
http://blog.sina.com.cn/czouyanggongzi
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